Phononic Crystal Resonators

In this chapter we present the theory of phononic crystal, classification of PnC according to its physical nature, and phononic crystal (PnC) phenomena in locally resonant materials with 2D, and 3D crystals structure. In this chapter, phononic crystal (PnC) micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) resonators with different transduction schemes such as electrostatically, piezoresistively, piezoelectrically transduced MEMS resonators are explained. In this chapter, we employed phononic crystal strip in MEMS resonators is explained to reduce anchor loss, and analysis of eigen frequency mode of the resonators. The phononic crystal strip with supporting tethers is designed to see the formation of band gap by introducing square holes, and improvement of quality factor and harmonic response. We show that holes can help to reduce the static mass of PnC strip tether without affecting on band gaps

{6,6′-Dimethoxy-2,2′-[cyclo­hexane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo­methyl­idyne)]diphenolato-κ4 O 1,N,N′,O 1′}iron(II) monohydrate

In the title complex, [Fe(C22H24N2O4)]·H2O, the FeII center is four-coordinated by two O and two N atoms from 2,2′-[6,6′-dimethoxy­cyclo­hexane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo­methyl­idyne)]diphen­olate (L) ligands in a distorted square-planar geometry. Uncoordinated water and FeL mol­ecules are paired via inter­molecular water–meth­oxy O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

1-Bromo-3,5-diphenyl­benzene

The title compound, C18H13Br, crystallizes with two crystallographically independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The C—Br bond lengths and the C—C bond lengths between the benzene rings are slightly different in the two mol­ecules. The dihedral angles between adjacent benzene rings are 26.85 (2) and 39.99 (2)° in one mol­ecule, and 29.90 (2) and 38.01 (2)° in the other. There are three types of inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions in the crystal structure

Tissue Stresses in Stented Coronary Arteries with Different Geometries: Effect of the Relation Between Stent Length and Lesion Length

In-stent restenosis after stent deployment remains an obstruction in the long-term benefits of stenting. This study sought to investigate the influence of the relation between stent length and lesion length on the mechanics of the arterial wall with different geometries, including straight and tapered vessels. Results showed that when the length of the stent was longer than the lesion length, the maximum stress in plaque and vessel increased as the length of stent increased. When the length of the stent was shorter than the lesion length, the vessel stress induced by stent inflation was lower; both ends of the stenosis plaque could not be fully expanded. When the length of the stent was equal to the lesion length, the plaque and vessel stress induced by stent inflation was minimal, and stent foreshortening was minimal. Compared with the straight vessel, the stent implantation in the tapered vessel with the same stent length resulted in greater stress in vessel and plaque, an increased stent recoil, and a decreased stent foreshortening. When the length of the stent is equal to lesion length, it may be the reasonable choice for straight vessels and tapered vessels. Conclusions drawn from this article can help surgeons to choose appropriate stent lengths

Trichlorido{μ-6,6′-dimeth­oxy-2,2′-[cyclo­hexane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo­methanylyl­idene)]diphenolato}dimethano­l­copper(II)samarium(III)

In the title hetero-dinuclear complex, [CuSm(C22H24N2O4)Cl3(CH3OH)2], the CuII cation is N,N′,O,O′-chelated by a 6,6′-dimeth­oxy-2,2′-[cyclo­hexane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo­methanylyl­idene)]diphenolate ligand, and one Cl− anion further coordinates to the CuII cation to complete the distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry, while the SmIII cation is chelated by four O atoms from the same ligand, and is further coordinated by two methanol mol­ecules and two Cl− anions in an bicapped trigonal–prismatic geometry. Intra- and inter­molecular O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds are present in the structure

Molecular cloning of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene from grape berry and preparation of an anti-DFR polyclonal antibody

Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR, EC 1.1.1.219) is a key enzyme of the flavonoid pathway, which synthesizes numerous secondary metabolites to determine the quality of grape berry and wine. The full-length dfr cDNA with 1014 bp was cloned from grape berry, and then introduced into an expressed plasmid pET-30a (+) vector at the EcoR I and Xho I restriction sites. With induction of the isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), the pET-dfr was highly expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS cells. A fusion protein with the His-Tag was purified through Ni-NTA His Bind Resin and then used as the antigen to immunize a New Zealand rabbit. The resulting antiserum was further purified precipitated by 50 % saturated ammonium sulfate and DEAE-Sepharose FF chromatography to obtain the immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction. The resulting polyclonal antibody was found capable of immuno-recognizing the DFR of the crude protein extracts from grape berry. This work undoubtedly provides the possibility for further studies on biological regulation of DFR activity in grape berry.

Influence of Reducing Agents on Biosafety and Biocompatibility of Gold Nanoparticles

Extensive biomedical applications of nanoparticles are mainly determined by their safety and compatibility in biological systems. The aim of this study was to compare the biosafety and biocompatibility of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) prepared with HEPES buffer, which is popular for cell culture, and sodium citrate, a frequent reducing agent. From experimental results on the body weight and organ coefficients of acute oral toxicity tests, it could be observed that HEPES-prepared GNPs are biologically safer than citric-prepared GNPs at the same dose of 500 μg/kg. The in vitro cell viability was higher for HEPES-prepared GNPs than citric-prepared GNPs at 5.0- and 10.0-ug/mL concentrations. More reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated in the cell suspension when supplemented with citric-prepared GNPs than HEPES-prepared GNPs when their concentrations were higher than 20 μg/mL. The results stated that HEPES-prepared GNPs had better biosafety and biocompatibility than citric-prepared GNPs. This study not only revealed the influence of reducing agent on biosafety and biocompatibility of nanomaterials but also provided accumulative evidence for nanomaterials in biomedical applications. [Figure: see text

{μ-6,6′-Dimeth­oxy-2,2-[propane-1,3-diylbis(nitrilo­methanylyl­idene)]diphenolato}trinitratocopper(II)dysprosium(III) methanol monosolvate

In the title heterodinuclear salen-type complex, [CuDy(C19H20N2O4)(NO3)3]·CH3OH, the copper(II) ion is tetra­coordinated by two imino N atoms [Cu—N = 1.961 (4) and 1.968 (4) Å] and two phenolate O atoms [Cu—O = 1.931 (3) and 1.938 (3) Å] in a planar geometry. The ten-coordin­ate DyIII ion is ligated by six O atoms of three nitrate groups and four O atoms from the ligand [Dy—O = 2.368 (3)–2.601 (3) Å]. In the crystal, complex mol­ecules and solvent mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds